How to Understand Parts of Speech

The tradition of forming the concept of parts of speech in different languages of the world has a long history. The principles of singling out parts of speech are one of the most debatable problems of linguistics. Beginning with the first known grammars and even earlier, long before the emergence of linguistics as a special scientific discipline, word classifications were more logical-semantic and philosophical than grammatical. In connection with the rapid development of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greece, scientists have developed an interest in various aspects of the language, in particular, the nature of the connection between the word and the object designated by it. Initially, two classes of words began to be distinguished.
Even now the verb and the noun are the main parts of speech, they are also usually referred to as the adjective (denotes properties, attributes or belonging), the adverb (denotes place, time, mode of action, etc.), pronoun (indicates a person, object or property, but do not name it).
Prepositions, conjunctions, particles, and interjections are service parts of speech; they do not express any semantic concepts, and serve to express spatial or temporal relations, to combine words or sentences, or to express individual sounds and feelings.
A narrative sentence always begins with a noun (pronoun) followed by a verb. Then everything depends on the length of the sentence. The addition, after which the circumstance follows, is often located in the third place. Sometimes it may seem that there is no verb in the sentence. In fact, this is not so, in this case, there is an auxiliary verb on which the whole construction is built.
So, let's remember the parts of speech in English:

• a noun;
• a verb;
• an adjective;
• a numeral;
• a pronoun;
• an adverb;
• a pretext;
• a union;
• a particle;
• an article.

Verbs
It's no secret that the verb has absolute popularity and is the leading part of speech. You can look in the dictionary and discover that most of the vocabulary has a verbal component. That's why you need to pay special attention to the verb. With the help of the verb, one can express the action, state, sensation, and process of thinking. There are 4 kinds of temporary forms of the verb:

• Simple;
• Continuous;
• Perfect;
• Perfect Continuous.

Sometimes verbs are also called "action words" because these words describe what a person or thing does. To sit, think, sleep, sing are verbs. There must be a verb in the sentence so that it makes sense. There are several kinds of special verbs, such as being verbs and helping verbs, and they do their special work in the sentence.  
Being Verbs
These are the forms of the verb to be (am, is, are, was, were). These verbs are needed to unite someone or something with the words that describe them. If there is no action verb, then we use a being verb.
Helping Verbs  
Verbs such as have, be, will, must, may and do are sometimes used in conjunction with another verb in the sentence. They show how possible or necessary the action is to be performed. They are also used to show time (present-past-future) in the sentence.
Verb Tenses
The form of the verb indicates whether the action that this verb describes occurs in the present, past or future. In dictionaries, the verb is indicated in the initial form, and its forms in the past are usually indicated.

Adverb
An adverb is a word that gives additional information about the verb (for this reason the words verb and adverb are so similar), it can also supplement the adjective or another adverb. Usually, they answer the questions "How?", "When?", "Where?", "How often?" and "For how long?" Slowly, suddenly, urgently are adverbs. Very often adverbs end in -ly, so if you see the suffix -ly, then this is an adverb.

Noun
It is a word that names a thing, person or place. A cat, a teacher, a spoon, a city are nouns. These are not necessarily things that you can see. Such words as "truth" or "geography" are also nouns.

Adjective
This word is used to describe a noun. Thick, yellow, wooden, black, hairy are adjectives. However, there are also interesting exceptions form this rule.
Comparatives and Superlatives
If you want to compare someone or something with another, then you often use the degree of comparison of adjectives for this. Higher, lighter, better, faster is a comparative degree. The highest, the easiest, the best, the fastest is a superlative degree.  A comparative degree is an adjective that either ends in -er, or else the word "more" precedes it. A superlative degree either ends with the suffix -est, or the word most stands before it.

Interjection
This word, for example, "hello" or "goodbye," which can itself be a sentence. Exclamations are also interjections.

Conjunction
These words, for example, "and," "but," which connect parts of sentences into one more complex sentence.

Preposition
These words are, for example, "in," "without," "for" or "on," which show how a person or thing correlates (interacts) with another person or thing.
 
Few Words to Add
This is how the system of English speech parts looks. At first, we said that it serves, first of all, for the benefit of constructing grammatically and lexically correct sentences. Imagine building a house. Bricks, panels, mortar is the building material for the house. In speech, too, there is a building material: words are made up of sounds, word-combinations of words, sentences from word-combinations. The main function of the language is communicative. People communicate with each other, mainly with the help of sentences. A sentence, representing a completed thought, can be short or long and express the most varied feelings, intentions and messages. On the purpose of utterance, sentences can be narrative and motivating. The sentence is based on certain laws. The main condition is mandatory information about who or what acts or what happens to the subject of speech. This information is transmitted using parts of speech. For a person studying a language, the study of parts of speech is a paramount task, as well as the order of words in the sentence.