Hazardous chemicals

Article 1: Benintendi, R., & Round, S. (2014). Design a safe hazardous materials warehouse.Hydrocarbon Processing, 93(11), 59-64.
           The article gives a description of the various issues involved in the storage of hazardous chemicals in the warehouses. The design of a safe warehouse for the hazardous chemicals is a challenge for the chemical and petrochemical projects. It is important to predict the implications of the engineering disciplines engaged in the design and a high incorporation of competency. The study aimed at developing a design for a safe warehouse and the implications and the operating aspects of the design activity identified. The author notes that the International Labor Organization reported of 24 percent of the major chemical accidents occurring in the warehouses. It is, therefore, essential to design safe warehouses for use in the storage of the hazardous chemicals.
           There are several issues learned from the article as described. The design of a safe warehouse for the hazardous chemicals is a major challenge and usually a complex task. The challenge results from the premise that the design requires a combination of differently harmonized disciplines and competencies in respect to the entire buildings and the process plant design. It is important for the designers to consider several specific and conflicting issues before deciding on the appropriate design.
           The information presented in the article relate to my field of Environmental Health and Safety and or Engineering since it reveals of the appropriate design considerations when planning to construct a warehouse for the hazardous chemicals. It is usually a major health and safety concern that many warehouses used for the storage of the hazardous are in bad designs thereby subjecting the users to accidents. Thus, the study helps to propose the precise approach to handling the issue thereby essential in decision-making.

Article 2: Sengul, H., Santella, N., Steinberg, L. J., & Cruz, A. M. (2012). Analysis of hazardous material releases due to natural hazards in the United States. Disasters, 36(4), 723-743. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01272.x
           The article provides an analysis of the hazardous material released from natural hazards in the United States. The author identifies that natural hazards are the cause of about 16,600 hazmat releases found in the National Response Centre (NRC) between the period of 1990 and 2008. The common natural hazards discussed include rain-induced releases, those associated with hurricanes, and also from the winds, storms, and other weather-related phenomena. Most of the hazardous material release is due to the major natural disasters. Hurricane-induced releases of petroleum from the storage tanks formed a large percentage of the hazardous materials. The common chemicals released through the natural hazards include nitrogen oxides, benzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls. The author explains that the hazards have many potential human and environmental impacts. The study relied on the NRC’s Incident Reporting Information System (IRIS) database. Though the author notes of limitations associated with the data source, there is increasing evidence of hazardous release by the natural hazards.
           The study reveals several issues that are important to consider. The study is a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of natural hazardous substances in the United States having a basis on the NRC data. The study reveals of the potential health hazards and environmental impacts due to the natural hazards. It helps to understand the risks from the natural hazards in U.S. The study helps to establish that rain is a major cause of the natural hazards and lead to a large percentage of the hazardous releases. Lightning and Hurricanes are a major cause of release of petroleum-related hazardous substances. Thus, it is essential to ensure the safety of the storage tanks against hurricanes and other natural hazards.
           The article relates to the field of Environmental Health and Safety by highlighting the causes of particular hazardous release associated with the natural hazards. Thus, it helps to device methods of ensuring safety against such occurrences.

Article 3: Biocanin, R., Sacirovic, S., Ketin, S., Canak, S., Djordjevic, N. V., Plojovic, S., &   Neskovic, S. (2015). Chemical Processes of Decontamination in the Treatment of Hazardous Substances: Polish Journal Of Environmental Studies, 24(1), 427-432.
           The article focuses on the chemical processes involved in the decontamination of the hazardous substances. Decontamination is an essential process that helps to prevent against chemical and biological accidents and also in removing the consequences of contamination. The article discusses the use of calcium hypochlorite in water solution as the most common decontaminant. It is an inorganic substance that has active chlorine to aid in the decontamination and disinfection activities. The use of calcium hypochlorite in the treatment of hazardous substances proves to be useful, economical, and effective. The author explains that the highly-toxic chemical and biological contamination requires urgent decontamination as soon as possible.
           The article has several revelations on the use of calcium hypochlorite as a treatment for the hazardous substances. There are problems encountered in the decontamination of the highly toxic chemical and biological contamination. Thus, it’s necessary to have materials that aid in the decontamination process. The solution to the problem is the production of the universal material to help in the process. The article also explains of an inventive device that can prepare the solution of calcium hypochlorite to aid in the decontamination of the hazardous substances. The efficiency of the method used in decontamination is a major factor in ensuring the success of the process.
           The study has application to the field of Environmental Health and Safety since it highlights an effective method of making a solution aid in the decontamination process. Thus, the Environmental Health and Safety workers have an additional approach to handling many of the problems associated with lack of a universal decontaminant. Many hazardous substances pose a health threat, but with the universal decontaminant it is a breakthrough in the sector.

Article 4: Kummer Peiry, K. (2014) The Chemicals and Waste Regime as a Basis for a  Comprehensive International Framework for Sustainable Management of Potentially  Hazardous Materials? Review Of European Comparative & International Environmental Law, 23(2), 172-180. doi:10.1111/reel.12084
           The article provides a discussion on the chemical and waste Regime that forms a basis for the International Framework for Sustainable management of potentially hazardous materials. The author explains that the development of the International legal framework that governs the management of chemicals and wastes has been on a demand basis. The occurrence of a problem led to the negotiation of a treaty to handle it. The nature of the International Legal framework is to address some substances and some aspects and leaving others unregulated. Thus, it is necessary to have a coherent and comprehensive legal framework that reflects the circular economy approach. Thus, the article presents the ways to achieve a comprehensive and coherent global legal framework for the management of the potentially hazardous materials.
           The information presented in the article reveals certain issues. The issue of developing a legally binding treaty to cover the chemicals and waste management in a comprehensive way is a feasible option. The management of the potentially hazardous materials should be a major priority in the international arena. The establishment of a new framework treaty to address the management of the potentially hazardous materials is a breakthrough in controlling environmental problems. The current chemicals and waste treaties have gaps that require to be addressed.
           The study applies in the field of Environmental Health and Safety since it proposes an efficient approach to address the problem of hazardous substances. The topic is of interest to the environmental health and safety since the establishment of a method to manage the hazardous substances is of importance to the sector. Thus, it assists in decision making strategies involving environmental protection against hazardous substances through regulations.

References
Benintendi, R., & Round, S. (2014). Design a safe hazardous materials warehouse. Hydrocarbon  Processing, 93(11), 59-64.

Biocanin, R., Sacirovic, S., Ketin, S., Canak, S., Djordjevic, N. V., Plojovic, S., & Neskovic, S.   (2015). Chemical Processes of Decontamination in the Treatment of Hazardous Substances: Polish Journal Of Environmental Studies, 24(1), 427-432.

Kummer Peiry, K. (2014) The Chemicals and Waste Regime as a Basis for a Comprehensive International Framework for Sustainable Management of Potentially Hazardous Materials? Review Of European Comparative & International Environmental Law, 23(2), 172-180. doi:10.1111/reel.12084.

Sengul, H., Santella, N., Steinberg, L. J., & Cruz, A. M. (2012). Analysis of hazardous material   releases due to natural hazards in the United States. Disasters, 36(4), 723-743.      doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01272.x

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